GCSE Psychology: Forgetting and Improving Memory Guide

Interference

Interference theory suggests forgetting happens when memories interfere with each other — proactive interference is when an old memory disrupts a new one, and retroactive interference is when a new memory disrupts an old one.

Retrieval failure

Retrieval failure suggests information is still stored in memory but cannot be accessed without the right cues, which is why being back in the same context or mood as when you learned something can help you remember it.

Improving memory: organisation

Organising information into categories or a logical structure makes it easier to store and later retrieve, compared to learning disconnected facts.

Improving memory: other strategies

Other strategies include using mnemonics (memory aids using patterns or images), rehearsal (repeating information), and spacing out study sessions over time rather than cramming.

Common mistakes

• Confusing proactive interference (old affects new) with retroactive interference (new affects old).
• Assuming forgotten information is always gone completely, rather than just hard to retrieve.
• Describing a memory strategy without explaining why it actually helps.